Short-barreled Shotguns

What Is a Short-Barreled Shotgun?

Under the National Firearms Act, a shotgun with a barrel under 18 inches or an overall length under 26 inches is a short-barreled shotgun. A shotgun with an 18 inch or longer barrel and a 26 inch or longer overall length is an ordinary shotgun. Pistol-grip firearms such as the Mossberg 590 Shockwave and Remington Tac-14 are classified as "firearms," not shotguns, so they are not on this page. Browse them with our tactical shotguns.

What Changed in 2026, and What Did Not

Congress cut the $200 NFA tax on SBSs to $0. On October 9, 2026, the ATF published an open letter saying that, as a matter of enforcement discretion, it will not require NFA approval or registration for SBSs. The ATF still accepts Form 1 and Form 4 applications on a voluntary basis. Background checks, the Form 4473, and state and local laws still apply. For a plain-language summary, read our article ATF NFA Update: What Changes for Suppressors, SBRs and AOWs.

How Impact Guns Handles SBS Orders

Impact Guns continues to handle short-barreled shotguns as Class 3 (NFA) items. Choose a dealer who handles Class 3 items. Your dealer decides which other steps and forms they need before they release the shotgun to you. At pickup you complete a Form 4473 and a federal background check.

Pump vs. Semi-Auto Short-Barreled Shotguns

Pump-action SBS models such as the Mossberg 590 series cycle anything from light birdshot to slugs without adjustment, which suits a gun that sits loaded and is fired rarely. Semi-automatic models such as the Benelli M4 family offer faster follow-up shots and less felt recoil but are more sensitive to ammunition choice. Choose the action you will train with.

Popular SBS Models

Breaching and entry models such as the Mossberg 590 Chisel and Benelli Nova Entry use barrels around 11 to 14 inches with a full stock for control. The Serbu Super Shorty is among the most compact options. Check barrel length, capacity, and sights on each product page, since short magazine tubes often hold fewer rounds than a standard shotgun.

Lights, Sights, and Ammunition

A weapon light helps you identify a target before you fire, and most SBS models have rails or mounts for one. Ghost ring sights are faster and more precise than a bead at room distances. For defensive loads, #00 buckshot is common, and reduced-recoil buckshot is easier for smaller shooters to control.

Frequently Asked Questions: Short-barreled Shotguns

Should I talk to my dealer first?
Yes. Dealers are handling the October 2026 ATF change differently. Contact your dealer before you order, and ask whether they handle Class 3 items, which forms they require, what fees they charge, and what your state allows.

Do I still need a Form 4 for an SBS?
The ATF says filing Form 1 or 4 is voluntary while it is not enforcing NFA approval for SBSs, and it still accepts them. Your dealer may still require a Form 4. For legal advice, ask a qualified attorney.

Is the Mossberg Shockwave a short-barreled shotgun?
No. The Shockwave is made without a stock, has a 14.375 inch barrel, and is over 26 inches long, so federal law classifies it as a "firearm," not a short-barreled shotgun. Some states regulate it differently, so check your state law.

What states prohibit short-barreled shotguns?
California, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Hawaii, and several other states prohibit or heavily restrict SBSs. Some states allow them only if they are registered under federal law. Always check current state law before you buy.

Can I take my SBS to another state?
Only to states that allow SBSs. The ATF letter says people who transport SBSs across state lines should keep filing Form 20. Check the laws of every state on your route.

Browse Short-barreled Shotguns: In Stock SBS • Pump Shotguns • Tactical Shotguns

See Also: Short-barreled Rifles • AOWs • Suppressors • How to Buy a Suppressor • ATF NFA Update